Abubuwan Molybdenum
| Lambar atom | 42 |
| Lambar CAS | 7439-98-7 |
| Matsayin atomic | 95.94 |
| Wurin narkewa | 2620°C |
| Wurin tafasa | 5560°C |
| Girman atom | 0.0153 nm3 |
| Yawa a 20 °C | 10.2g/cm³ |
| Tsarin lu'ulu'u | mai siffar cubic mai tsakiya jiki |
| Daidaitaccen layi | 0.3147 [nm] |
| Yawa a cikin ɓawon duniya | 1.2 [g/t] |
| Saurin sauti | 5400 m/s (a rt) (sanda mai siriri) |
| Faɗaɗawar zafi | 4.8 µm/(m·K) (a 25°C) |
| Maida wutar lantarki ta thermal | 138 W/(m·K) |
| juriyar lantarki | 53.4 nΩ·m (a 20°C) |
| Taurin Mohs | 5.5 |
| Taurin Vickers | 1400-2740Mpa |
| Taurin Brinell | 1370-2500Mpa |
Molybdenum sinadari ne mai alamar Mo da lambar atomic 42. Sunan ya fito ne daga Neo-Latin molybdaenum, daga tsohuwar Girkanci Μόλυβδος molybdos, ma'ana gubar, tunda an rikita ma'adinan ta da ma'adinan gubar. An san ma'adinan Molybdenum a tsawon tarihi, amma an gano sinadarin (a ma'anar bambanta shi a matsayin sabon abu daga gishirin ma'adinai na sauran karafa) a shekarar 1778 ta hannun Carl Wilhelm Scheele. An fara gano ƙarfen a shekarar 1781 ta hannun Peter Jacob Hjelm.
Molybdenum ba ya samuwa ta halitta a matsayin ƙarfe mai 'yanci a Duniya; ana samunsa ne kawai a cikin yanayi daban-daban na iskar shaka a cikin ma'adanai. Sinadarin 'yanci, ƙarfe mai launin azurfa mai launin toka, yana da matsayi na shida mafi girma na narkewa na kowane abu. Yana samar da carbide mai tauri da karko a cikin ƙarfe, kuma saboda wannan dalili yawancin samar da sinadarin a duniya (kimanin kashi 80%) ana amfani da shi a cikin ƙarfe mai ƙarfe, gami da ƙarfe mai ƙarfi da superalloys.
Yawancin mahaɗan molybdenum ba su da isasshen narkewa a cikin ruwa, amma idan ma'adanai masu ɗauke da molybdenum suka haɗu da iskar oxygen da ruwa, sakamakon molybdate ion MoO2-4 yana narkewa sosai. A fannin masana'antu, mahaɗan molybdenum (kimanin kashi 14% na samar da sinadarin a duniya) ana amfani da su a aikace-aikacen matsin lamba da zafi mai yawa a matsayin pigments da catalyst.
Enzymes masu ɗauke da Molybdenum sune mafi yawan abubuwan da ke haifar da ƙwayoyin cuta don karya haɗin sinadarai a cikin nitrogen na ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin tsarin gyaran nitrogen na halitta. Aƙalla enzymes na molybdenum 50 yanzu an san su a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta, tsire-tsire, da dabbobi, kodayake enzymes na ƙwayoyin cuta da cyanobacterial ne kawai ke da hannu a gyaran nitrogen. Waɗannan nitrogenases suna ɗauke da molybdenum a cikin wani nau'i daban da sauran enzymes na molybdenum, waɗanda duk suna ɗauke da molybdenum mai cikakken oxidized a cikin molybdenum cofactor. Waɗannan enzymes na molybdenum cofactor daban-daban suna da mahimmanci ga ƙwayoyin halitta, kuma molybdenum muhimmin abu ne don rayuwa a cikin dukkan ƙwayoyin halitta mafi girma na eukaryote, kodayake ba a cikin dukkan ƙwayoyin cuta ba.
Sifofin jiki
A cikin tsantsar siffarsa, molybdenum ƙarfe ne mai launin toka-launin azurfa mai taurin Mohs na 5.5, kuma nauyin atomic na yau da kullun na 95.95 g/mol. Yana da wurin narkewa na 2,623 °C (4,753 °F); daga cikin abubuwan da ke faruwa a zahiri, tantalum, osmium, rhenium, tungsten, da carbon ne kawai ke da mafi girman wuraren narkewa. Yana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙarancin ma'aunin faɗaɗa zafi tsakanin ƙarfe da ake amfani da su a kasuwa. Ƙarfin taurin wayoyi na molybdenum yana ƙaruwa kusan sau 3, daga kusan 10 zuwa 30 GPa, lokacin da diamitarsu ya ragu daga ~50–100 nm zuwa 10 nm.
Sifofin sinadarai
Molybdenum ƙarfe ne mai canzawa wanda ke da ƙarfin lantarki na 2.16 a ma'aunin Pauling. Ba ya amsawa da iskar oxygen ko ruwa a yanayin zafi na ɗaki. Rashin iskar oxygen na molybdenum yana farawa a 300 °C (572 °F); yawan iskar oxygen yana faruwa a yanayin zafi sama da 600 °C, wanda ke haifar da molybdenum trioxide. Kamar sauran ƙarfe masu nauyi, molybdenum ba ya nuna sha'awar samar da cation a cikin ruwan da aka tace, kodayake an san cation na Mo3+ a ƙarƙashin yanayin da aka sarrafa sosai.
Zafafan Kayayyakin Molybdenum
