He wahi paila o 5900 degere Celsius a me ka paakiki e like me ke daimana i hui pu me ke kalapona:tungstenʻo ia ka metala kaumaha loa, akā he mau hana koʻikoʻi kona — ʻoi loa i nā microorganism aloha wela.ʻO kahi hui i alakaʻi ʻia e Tetyana Milojevic mai ka Faculty of Chemistry ma ke Kulanui o Vienna hōʻike no ka manawa mua loa i ka microbial-tungstennā pilina ma ka laulā nanometer.Ma muli o kēia mau ʻike, ʻaʻole waletungstenbiogeochemistry, akā hiki ke noiʻi ʻia ke ola ʻana o nā microorganism i nā kūlana o waho.Ua ʻike ʻia nā hopena ma ka puke paiNā palena i ka Microbiology.

Me he metala paakiki a laha ole,tungsten, me kona mau waiwai kupanaha a me kona wahi hehee kiekie loa o na metala a pau, he koho hiki ole loa ia no ke ano olaola.He mau microorganisms wale nō, e like me thermophilic archaea a i ʻole cell nucleus-free microorganisms, i hoʻololi i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi o kahi kaiapuni tungsten a loaʻa kahi ala e assimilate ai.tungsten.ʻElua mau noiʻi hou e ka biochemist a me ka astrobiologist ʻo Tetyana Milojevic mai ke Keʻena Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry ma ke Kulanui o Vienna, i hoʻomālamalama i ka hiki ke hana o nā microorganisms i kahi.tungsten-e hoʻonui i ka honua a wehewehe i kahi nanoscaletungsten-microbial interface o ka wela wela- a me ka waika-aloha microorganism Metallosphaera sedula ulu metungstenpūhui (Nā Kiʻi 1, 2).ʻO ia nō hoʻi kēia microorganism e hoʻāʻo ʻia no ke ola ʻana i ka wā o ka huakaʻi interstellar i nā haʻawina e hiki mai ana ma ke kaiapuni o waho.Tungstenhiki ke lilo i kumu nui i kēia.

Maitungstenpolyoxometalates ma ke ʻano he ʻano hana hoʻolale ola i ka microbial bioprocessing otungsten ores

E like me ka ferrous sulfide mineral cell, artificial polyoxometalates (POMs) i manaʻo ʻia he ʻano mea ʻole i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā kaʻina kemika prelife a me ka hōʻike ʻana i nā ʻano "like-ola".Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i ʻōlelo ʻia ka pili o nā POM i nā kaʻina hana ola (e laʻa, ka hanu microbial)."Ke hoʻohana nei i ka laʻana o Metallosphaera sedula, e ulu ana i loko o ka waiʻona wela a hanu ma o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana metala, ua noiʻi mākou inā hiki i nā ʻōnaehana inorganic paʻakikī e pili ana i nā puʻupuʻu tungsten POM ke hoʻomau i ka ulu ʻana o M. sedula a hoʻoulu i ka hoʻonui a me ka māhele ʻana," wahi a Milojevic.

Ua hiki i nā kānaka ʻepekema ke hōʻike i ka hoʻohana ʻana otungstenHiki i nā pūʻulu POM inorganic ke hoʻohui i nā heterogeneoustungstenʻano redox i loko o nā pūnaewele microbial.Ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā waihona organometallic ma ke kikowaena ma waena o M. sedula a me W-POM a hiki i ka nanometer i ka wā e hui pū ai me ka Austrian Center for Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis (FELMI-ZFE, Graz).Hoʻohui kā mākou mau ʻike i ka tungsten-encrusted M. sedula i ka ulu ʻana o nā moʻolelo o nā ʻano microbial biomineralized, i waena o nā archaea ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia, "wahi a Milojevic.ʻO ka biotransformation ominerala tungstenscheelite i hana ʻia e ka thermoacidophile M. sedula kiʻekiʻe e alakaʻi i ka haki ʻana o ka hale scheelite, a laila solubilization otungsten, atungstenmineralization o ka microbial cell surface (Figure 3).ʻO ka biogenictungsten carbide-e like me nā nanostructures i wehewehe ʻia i loko o ka haʻawina e hōʻike ana i kahi nanomaterial hiki ke hoʻomau i loaʻa e ka hoʻolālā kōkua microbial-friendly.

“Ke hōʻike nei kā mākou mau hopena i ke ʻano o M. sedulatungsten-e lawe ana i ka mineralized cell ili ma o ka encrusting metungsten carbide-likepūhui,” wahi a ka mea biochemist Milojevic.ʻO kēiatungsten-encrusted papa i hoʻokumu ʻia a puni nā keʻena o M. sedula e hōʻike maikaʻi loa i kahi hoʻolālā microbial e pale aku i nā kūlana kūlohelohe koʻikoʻi, e like me ka wā o ka huakaʻi interplanetary.TungstenHiki i ka encapsulation ke lilo i mea kaua radioprotective ikaika e kū'ē i nā kūlana kūlohelohe."ʻO ka mea kaua microbial tungsten e hiki ai iā mākou ke aʻo hou i ke ola o kēia microorganism ma waho o ka lewa," i hoʻopau ai ʻo Milojevic.