Reactor fusion asal ahaan waa dhalo birlab ah oo ka kooban isla habraacyada qorraxda ka dhaca.Deuterium iyo tritium shidaalku waxay isku fidiyaan si ay u sameeyaan uumiga helium ions, neutrons iyo kulayl.Sida gaaskan kulul ee ionized-ka loo yaqaan plazma-gubanayo, kulaylkaas waxaa lagu wareejiyaa biyaha si uu uumi ugu rogo marawaxadaha korontada dhaliya.Balaasmada kululaysa waxay halis joogto ah ku haysaa darbiga reactor-ka iyo weeciyeha (kaas oo qashinka ka saaraya reactor-ka qalliinka si uu balaasku u kululaado si uu u gubo).

"Waxaan isku dayeynaa inaan go'aan ka gaarno habdhaqanka aasaasiga ah ee walxaha u jeedda balaasmaha iyadoo ujeedadu tahay in si wanaagsan loo fahmo hababka hoos u dhaca si aan u farsameyno qalab adag, qalab cusub," ayuu yiri saynisyahanka Chad Parish oo ka tirsan Waaxda Tamarta ee Oak Ridge National Laboratory.Waa qoraa sare oo cilmi baadhis ku jira joornaalkaWarbixinno Cilmiyeedkaas oo sahamiyay nabaad-guurka tungsten ee hoos yimaada xaaladaha reactor-ku habboon.

Sababtoo ah tungsten ayaa leh meesha ugu sareysa ee dhalaalka biraha oo dhan, waxay u sharaxan tahay alaabta balaasmaha u jeedda.Jilicsanaanteeda awgeed, si kastaba ha ahaatee, warshad koronto ganacsi waxay u badan tahay in laga sameeyo tungsten alloy ama isku dhafan.Iyadoo aan loo eegin, barashada ku saabsan sida tamarta tamarta ah ee duqeynta atomigu u saamayso tungsten microscopically caawinta injineerada hagaajinta alaabta nuclear.

"Gudaha warshadda korantada ee fiyuuska ayaa ah injineerada deegaanka ee ugu naxariista daran ee weligood la weydiisto inay u naqshadeeyaan qalabka," ayuu yiri Parish."Waxay ka xun tahay gudaha engine jet."

Cilmi baadhayaashu waxay baranayaan isdhexgalka qaybaha balaasmaha iyo mishiinada si ay u sameeyaan agab ka badan kuwa u dhigma xaaladaha qallafsan ee noocaas ah.Kalsoonida maaddooyinka ayaa ah arin muhim ah oo ku saabsan tignoolajiyada nukliyeerka ee hadda jira iyo kuwa cusub oo saameyn weyn ku leh dhismaha iyo kharashyada hawlgalka ee dhirta korontada.Markaa waxa aad muhiim u ah agabka injineernimada si ay ugu adkaato meertada nolosha dheer.

Daraasadda hadda jirta, cilmi-baarayaasha Jaamacadda California, San Diego, waxay tungsten ku garaaceen balasmaha helium tamar hooseeya iyagoo ku dayanaya fal-celinta fiyuuska ee xaaladaha caadiga ah.Dhanka kale, cilmi-baarayaasha ORNL waxay adeegsadeen Xarunta Cilmi-baarista Multicharged Ion si ay ugu weeraraan tungsten oo leh helium ions tamar sare leh oo ku dayanaya xaalado naadir ah, sida carqaladeyn balaasmaha ah oo laga yaabo inay dhigto xaddi tamar aan caadi ahayn.

Isticmaalka mikroskoobyada elektarooniga ah ee gudbinta, iskaanka gudbinta mikroskoobyada elektaroonigga ah, iskaanka microscopy elektarooniga ah iyo nanocrystalography elektarooniga ah, saynisyahannadu waxay sifeeyeen horumarka goobooyin ee crystal tungsten iyo qaabka iyo koritaanka dhismayaasha loo yaqaan "tendrils" ee hoos yimaada xaaladaha tamarta hooseeya iyo sare.Waxay u direen shaybaarada shirkad la yiraahdo AppFive oo loogu talagalay diffraction electron precession, farsamo sare oo elektaroonig ah, si ay u qiimeeyaan hababka koritaanka ee xaalado kala duwan.

Dhawr sano saynisyahannadu waxay ogaadeen in tungsten ay ka jawaabto balasmaha iyaga oo u sameeya jilicsanaanta crystalline ee miisaanka bilyan ee mitir, ama nanometer - caws yar oo noocyo ah.Daraasadda hadda jirta waxay ogaatay in jilicsanaanta ay soo saartay bamka tamarta hoose ay ahaayeen kuwo si tartiib tartiib ah u koraya, fiican oo jilicsan - samaynta rooga cufan ee fuzz - marka loo eego kuwa uu abuuray weerarka tamarta sare.

Biraha, atamyadu waxay u qaataan habayn qaabaysan oo habaysan oo meelo cayiman ka dhexeeyo.Haddii atamka la barokiciyo, meel madhan, ama "jago banaan," ayaa hadhaysa.Haddii shucaaca, sida kubbadda billiard-ka, uu atamka ka soo tuuro goobtiisa oo uu ka tago boos bannaan, atamkaasi waa inuu meel aadaa.Waxay isku xirtaa inta u dhaxaysa atamka kale ee crystal, oo noqda interstitial.

Hawlgalka fiyuuska-reactor-ka caadiga ah waxa uu leexiyaaye u muujiyaa qulqulka sare ee atamka helium-ka tamartoodu aad u yar tahay."Ion helium ma garaacin si adag oo ku filan si uu u sameeyo isku dhaca kubbadda billiard-ka, markaa waa inay ku dhex dhuuntaa xarkaha si ay u bilaabaan sameynta xumbo ama cillado kale," Parish ayaa sharraxay.

Aragtiyeeyayaasha sida Brian Wirth, oo ah Guddoomiyaha Guddoomiyaha UT-ORNL, ayaa qaabeeyay nidaamka oo ay rumaysteen walxaha ka barakiciyay shabagga marka xumboyadu ay noqdaan kuwa dhisma ee seedaha.Atamyada Helium waxay si aan kala sooc lahayn ugu wareegaan shabagga, Parish ayaa yidhi.Waxay ku dhacaan heliumyada kale waxayna ku biiraan ciidamada.Ugu dambeyntii kooxdu way weyn tahay inay ku garaacdo atamka tungsten ka baxsan goobta.

"Mar kasta oo xumbo-ku-soo-baxa ay koraan waxay ka riixdaa dhowr atamka tungsten oo ka baxsan goobahooda, waana inay meel aadaan.Waxay ku soo jiidan doonaan dusha sare, "Parish ayaa yidhi."Taasi, waxaan aaminsanahay, inay tahay habka uu nanofuzzkan u sameeyo."

Saynis yahanada xisaabinta ayaa ku shaqeeya jilitaannada supercomputers si ay u daraaseeyaan agabka heerkooda atomiga, ama cabbirka nanometerka iyo cabirka nanosecond wakhtiga.Injineerada ayaa sahaminaya sida alaabtu u qallajiso, dildilaacdo, iyo haddii kale u dhaqmo ka dib soo-gaadhista dheer ee balasmaha, dhererka sentimitirka iyo qiyaasta wakhtiga saacadda."Laakiin waxaa jiray cilmi yar oo u dhexeeya," ayuu yiri Parish, oo tijaabadiisa ay buuxisay farqiga aqoonta si ay u daraaseeyaan calaamadaha ugu horreeya ee hoos u dhaca walxaha iyo marxaladaha hore ee koritaanka nanotendril.

Haddaba fuzz ma wanaagsan yahay mise mid xun?"Fuzz waxay u badan tahay in uu leeyahay sifooyin waxyeello iyo faa'iido leh labadaba, laakiin ilaa aan wax badan ka ogaanno, ma samayn karno injineernimada qalabka si aan isku dayno inaan tirtirno xumaanta iyada oo xoojinaysa wanaagga," ayuu yiri Parish.Dhinaca wanaagsan, tungsten fuzzy waxa laga yaabaa inay qaado culaysyo kulaylka ah oo dildillaacaya tungsten weyn, nabaad guurkuna 10 jeer ayuu ka yar yahay tan tungsten.Dhinaca laga jaro, nanotendrils way jebi karaan, iyaga oo samaynaya boodh qaboojin kara balaasmaha.Hadafka xiga ee saynisyahanadu waa inay bartaan sida maaddadu u horumarto iyo sida ay u fududahay in nanotendrils-ka laga jebiyo dusha sare.

Wada-hawlgalayaasha ORNL ayaa daabacay tijaabooyinka mikroskoob ee elektarooniga ah ee dhawaanahan iftiiminaya habdhaqanka tungsten.Hal daraasad ayaa muujisay in korriinka jilicsani aanu ku socon jihayn kasta oo la doorbido.Baadhitaan kale ayaa shaaca ka qaaday in jawaabta Plasma-ujeedka tungsten-ka ee helium atom flux ay ka soo baxday nanofuzz ​​kaliya (markii hoose) ilaa nanofuzz ​​iyo goobooyin (oo qulqulaya sarreeya).

Magaca warqadda hadda jirta waa "Morphologies of tungsten nanotendrils oo ku koray soo-gaadhista helium."