I-Tungstenifaneleka ngokukhethekile njengempahla yezingxenye ezicindezeleke kakhulu zomkhumbi ezivale i-plasma eshisayo ehlanganisiwe, okuyinsimbi enephuzu eliphakeme kakhulu lokuncibilika.Nokho, ububi buwukuba brittleness kwayo, okuthi ngaphansi kokucindezeleka kuyenze ibe ntekenteke futhi ithambekele ekulimaleni.Inoveli, impahla eyinhlanganisela eqine kakhudlwana manje isithuthukiswe yiMax Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (IPP) eGarching.Iqukethe i-homogeneousi-tungstennge cameraizintambo ze-tungstenkushumekiwe.Ucwaningo lokungenzeka lusanda kukhombisa ukufaneleka okuyisisekelo kwenhlanganisela entsha.

Inhloso yocwaningo olwenziwe kwa-IPP ukuthuthukisa isikhungo sikagesi, njengelanga, esithola amandla ekuhlanganisweni kwenuclei ye-athomu.Uphethiloli osetshenziswayo yi-low density hydrogen plasma.Ukuze kokhele umlilo we-fusion, i-plasma kufanele ivalelwe ezindaweni ezinozibuthe futhi ifudunyezwe ngezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.Emgogodleni kufinyelelwa amadigri ayizigidi eziyi-100.I-Tungsteniyinsimbi ethembisa kakhulu njengempahla yezingxenye ezihlangana ngqo ne-plasma eshisayo.Lokhu kuboniswe ngophenyo olunzulu kwa-IPP.Inkinga kuze kube manje engakaxazululeki, nokho, kube ukonakala kwezinto:I-Tungstenilahlekelwa ukuqina kwayo ngaphansi kwezimo zokutshala amandla.Ingcindezi yendawo - ukushuba, ukunwebeka noma ingcindezi - angeke kugwenywe izinto ezinikezela kancane.Kunalokho kwakheka imifantu: Ngakho-ke izingxenye zisabela ngokuzwela kakhulu ekulayishweni kwendawo.

Yingakho i-IPP yabheka izinhlaka ezikwazi ukusabalalisa ukungezwani kwendawo.Izitsha zobumba eziqiniswe nge-fibre zisebenza njengamamodeli: Isibonelo, i-brittle silicon carbide yenziwa iqine ngokuphindwe kahlanu uma iqiniswa nge-silicon carbide fibers.Ngemva kwezifundo ezimbalwa zokuqala usosayensi we-IPP u-Johann Riesch wayezophenya ukuthi ingabe ukwelashwa okufanayo kungasebenza ngensimbi ye-tungsten.

Isinyathelo sokuqala kwaba ukukhiqiza ukwaziswa okusha.Ai-tungsten i-matrix kwadingeka iqiniswe ngemicu emide eboshiwe ehlanganisa ama-extrudedintambo ye-tungstenmncane njengezinwele.Izintambo, ekuqaleni zazihloselwe njengokukhanyaimicuamalambu okukhanya, lapho ahlinzekwa yi-Osram GmbH.Izinto ezihlukahlukene zokuzimboza zaphenywa kwa-IPP, kuhlanganise ne-erbium oxide.Igcotshwe ngokupheleleizintambo ze-tungstenzabe sezihlanganiswa ndawonye, ​​zihambisana noma zilukwe.Ukugcwalisa izikhala phakathi kwezintambo nge-tungsten u-Johann Riesch kanye nozakwabo wabe esesungula inqubo entsha ngokuhlanganyela nozakwethu wasezimbonini waseNgilandi u-Archer Technicoat Ltd. Nakuba ama-workpieces e-tungsten ngokuvamile acindezelwa ndawonye kusuka kumpushana wensimbi ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu nokucindezela, okwengeziwe indlela emnene yokukhiqiza inhlanganisela yatholakala: Ii-tungstenifakwa ezintanjeni ezivela engxubeni yegesi ngokusebenzisa inqubo yamakhemikhali emazingeni okushisa aphakathi.Bekungokokuqala ngqa lokhoi-tungsten-fibre-reinforced tungstenikhiqizwe ngempumelelo, nomphumela owawufiseleka: Ukuqina kokuphuka kwenhlanganisela entsha kwase kuphindeke kathathu maqondana ne-fibreless tungsten ngemva kokuhlolwa kokuqala.

Isinyathelo sesibili kwakuwukuphenya ukuthi lokhu kusebenza kanjani: Isici esinqumayo saba ukuthi ibhuloho lemicu liyaqhekeka ku-matrix futhi lingasabalalisa amandla asebenza endaweni kokokusebenza.Lapha ukuxhumana phakathi kwemicu kanye ne-tungsten matrix, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele kube buthaka ngokwanele ukuze kuvuleke lapho kwakheka imifantu, ngakolunye, kuqine ngokwanele ukudlulisa amandla phakathi kwemicu ne-matrix.Ezivivinyweni zokugoba lokhu kungabonwa ngokuqondile nge-X-ray microtomography.Lokhu kubonise ukusebenza okuyisisekelo kwento.

Okunqumayo ngokusebenziseka kwezinto, nokho, ukuthi ukuqina okuthuthukisiwe kugcinwa lapho kusetshenziswa.U-Johann Riesch ukuhlole lokhu ngokuphenya amasampula ayehlanganiswe ukwelashwa okushisayo kwangaphambili.Lapho amasampula efakwa emisebeni ye-synchrotron noma efakwa ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu se-electron, ukuwelula nokuwagoba nakho kwaqinisekisa kulesi simo izici zempahla ezithuthukisiwe: Uma i-matrix yehluleka lapho igcizelelwa, imicu iyakwazi ukuvala imifantu eyenzekayo futhi iyinqande.

Izimiso zokuqonda nokukhiqiza izinto ezintsha sezixazululiwe.Amasampuli manje azokhiqizwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezithuthukisiwe zenqubo kanye nokusebenzelana okuthuthukisiwe, lokhu kuyimfuneko yokukhiqiza okukhulu.Izinto ezintsha nazo zingathakazelisa ngale komkhakha wocwaningo lwe-fusion.