Supercapacitors nau'in na'ura ne mai suna wanda zai iya adanawa da isar da kuzari cikin sauri fiye da batura na al'ada.Suna cikin babban buƙatar aikace-aikacen da suka haɗa da motocin lantarki, sadarwa mara igiyar waya da manyan lasers.

Amma don gane waɗannan aikace-aikacen, supercapacitors suna buƙatar mafi kyawun lantarki, waɗanda ke haɗa supercapacitor zuwa na'urorin da suka dogara da ƙarfinsu.Waɗannan na'urorin lantarki suna buƙatar su zama masu sauri da arha don yin su akan sikeli mai girma kuma su sami damar yin caji da sauke nauyin wutar lantarki cikin sauri.Tawagar injiniyoyi a Jami'ar Washington suna tunanin sun fito da wani tsari na kera kayan lantarki masu ƙarfi wanda zai dace da waɗannan ƙwaƙƙwaran masana'antu da buƙatun amfani.

Masu binciken, karkashin jagorancin UW mataimakin farfesa a kimiyyar kayan aiki da injiniya Peter Pauzauskie, sun buga wata takarda a ranar 17 ga Yuli a cikin mujallar Nature Microsystems da Nanoengineering suna kwatanta karfin wutar lantarki da sauri, mara tsada.Hanyar littafin su ta fara ne da kayan arziƙin carbon waɗanda aka bushe a cikin matrix mai ƙarancin ƙima da ake kira aerogel.Wannan jirgin sama da kansa yana iya aiki a matsayin ɗanyen lantarki, amma ƙungiyar Pauzauskie ta ninka ƙarfin ƙarfinta fiye da ninki biyu, wanda shine ikonta na adana cajin lantarki.

Waɗannan kayan farawa maras tsada, haɗe tare da ingantaccen tsarin haɗawa, rage shinge gama gari guda biyu ga aikace-aikacen masana'antu: farashi da sauri.

"A cikin aikace-aikacen masana'antu, lokaci shine kudi," in ji Pauzauskie."Za mu iya yin kayan farawa don waɗannan wayoyin a cikin sa'o'i, maimakon makonni.Kuma hakan na iya rage farashin haɗakarwa don yin manyan na'urorin lantarki masu ƙarfi. "

Ana haɗa na'urorin lantarki masu inganci masu inganci daga abubuwa masu wadatar carbon waɗanda suma suna da babban yanki.Ƙarshen buƙatun yana da mahimmanci saboda musamman hanyar supercapacitors ke adana cajin lantarki.Yayin da baturi na al'ada yana adana cajin wutar lantarki ta hanyar halayen sinadarai da ke faruwa a cikinsa, mai karfin iko a maimakon haka yana adanawa kuma ya raba caji mai kyau da mara kyau kai tsaye a saman sa.

"Supercapacitors na iya yin aiki da sauri fiye da batura saboda ba'a iyakance su da saurin amsawa ko abubuwan da za su iya haifarwa ba," in ji marubucin haɗin gwiwar Matthew Lim, ɗalibin digiri na UW a Sashen Kimiyya da Injiniya."Supercapaccitors na iya yin caji da fitarwa da sauri, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa suke da kyau wajen isar da waɗannan 'tsabar wutar lantarki'."

"Suna da manyan aikace-aikace a cikin saituna inda baturi a kan kansa ya yi jinkiri sosai," in ji marubucin marubuci Matthew Crane, dalibin digiri a cikin UW Department of Chemical Engineering."A cikin lokutan da baturi ya yi jinkirin biyan buƙatun makamashi, babban ƙarfin da ke da babban wurin lantarki zai iya 'harba' cikin sauri kuma ya daidaita ƙarancin makamashi."

Don samun babban filin sararin samaniya don ingantaccen lantarki, ƙungiyar ta yi amfani da aerogels.Waɗannan abubuwa ne masu jika, kamar gel waɗanda suka bi ta hanyar magani na musamman na bushewa da dumama don maye gurbin abubuwan ruwan su da iska ko wani iskar gas.Wadannan hanyoyin suna adana tsarin 3-D na gel, suna ba shi babban yanki mai girma da ƙarancin yawa.Yana kama da cire duk ruwan daga Jell-O ba tare da raguwa ba.

Pauzauskie ya ce "Gram ɗaya na airgel yana ɗauke da kusan fili kamar filin ƙwallon ƙafa ɗaya."

Crane ya yi aerogels daga gel-kamar polymer, wani abu mai maimaita raka'a na tsari, wanda aka halicce shi daga formaldehyde da sauran kwayoyin tushen carbon.Wannan ya tabbatar da cewa na'urar su, kamar na'urorin lantarki na yau da kullun, za su ƙunshi abubuwa masu wadatar carbon.

A baya can, Lim ya nuna cewa ƙara graphene-wanda shine takardar carbon kawai lokacin farin ciki guda ɗaya-zuwa gel ɗin da aka samu sakamakon iska tare da kaddarorin masu ƙarfi.Amma, Lim da Crane suna buƙatar haɓaka aikin aerogel, da sanya tsarin haɗin gwiwar ya zama mai rahusa da sauƙi.

A gwaje-gwajen da Lim ya yi a baya, ƙara graphene bai inganta ƙarfin aerogel ba.Don haka a maimakon haka sun ɗora aerogels tare da zanen bakin ciki na ko dai molybdenum disulfide ko tungsten disulfide.Duk waɗannan sinadarai ana amfani da su sosai a yau a cikin man shafawa na masana'antu.

Masu binciken sun yi maganin duka kayan biyu tare da raƙuman sauti mai ƙarfi don karya su cikin zanen gado na bakin ciki kuma sun haɗa su cikin matrix gel mai arzikin carbon.Za su iya haɗa gel ɗin rigar da aka ɗora cikakke a cikin ƙasa da sa'o'i biyu, yayin da sauran hanyoyin zasu ɗauki kwanaki da yawa.

Bayan sun sami busasshen aerogel mai ƙarancin yawa, sun haɗa shi da adhesives da wani abu mai arziƙin carbon don ƙirƙirar “kullun” masana’antu, wanda Lim kawai zai iya mirgine shi zuwa zanen gado kaɗan kaɗan na inci kaɗan.Sun yanke fayafai na rabin inci daga kullu kuma suka haɗa su cikin sassauƙan cakuɗen baturi don gwada ingancin kayan a matsayin na'urar lantarki mai ƙarfi.

Ba wai kawai na'urorinsu na sauri ba ne, masu sauƙi da sauƙi don haɗawa, amma kuma sun sami ƙarfin aiki aƙalla kashi 127 fiye da iska mai arzikin carbon kadai.

Lim da Crane suna tsammanin cewa aerogels da aka ɗora tare da ƙananan zanen gado na molybdenum disulfide ko tungsten disulfide - nasu ya kasance kusan 10 zuwa 100 atom mai kauri-zai nuna mafi kyawun aiki.Amma da farko, sun so su nuna cewa ɗorawa aerogels zai zama da sauri da kuma rahusa don haɗawa, matakin da ya dace don samar da masana'antu.Gyaran gyaran yana gaba.

Ƙungiyar ta yi imanin cewa waɗannan ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce na iya taimakawa ci gaban kimiyya ko da a wajen daular supercapacitor electrodes.Molybdenum disulfide da aka dakatar da su na aerogel na iya kasancewa da ƙarfi sosai don haɓaka samar da hydrogen.Kuma hanyarsu ta kama kayan cikin sauri a cikin aerogels ana iya amfani da su zuwa batura masu ƙarfi ko catalysis.